Pitch
Moving human development and zoning towards a horizontal scaling architecture will make achieving our sustainability goals more practical
Description
Summary
Note: this proposal touches on multiple contest areas, including land use, energy, transportation, and buildings. Buildings may be the closest -- but I feel the best solutions will address all areas.
Cloud computing is about horizontally (as opposed to vertically) scaling systems. Instead of building one super-powerful server you create many small inexpensive servers that each contain a small part of the system. There are multiple advantages to "scaling out" rather than "scaling up", such as incrementally improved capacity with little or no downtime and less expensive, more maintainable servers.
Moving our human development and zoning towards a similar horizontal scaling architecture will make achieving our sustainability goals much more practical. Instead of oversize homes in expansive suburbs far from vast agricultural spaces, and a long commute away from large office and industrial areas, let's create smaller self-contained and more tractable units for everything. This will mean smaller homes bundled next door to smaller agricultural and commercial/industrial buildings.
Is this proposal for a practice or a project?
Practice
What actions do you propose?
Sustainability means moving away from the infinite growth paradigm towards one where resources are recognized as being finite. One of those key resources for human society is land. In my opinion, land usage in modern suburbia is amazingly bad, and suburban land is one of the most underutilized resources remaining.
Suburban homes have tended recently towards growing larger and larger. This means increasing use of resources for heating and cooling of rooms that usually are mostly empty space. At the same time, anywhere land is not obviously at a premium, homes often have large back yards. These back yards are blank spaces in our sustainability plan. About 95% of the time they are used mainly as a place for the family dog to defecate. 5% of the time a child plays there, and another 5% of the time someone putters in a tiny garden that produces next to nothing. Often back yards are mainly for vanity.
Commuting
Another tragedy of the modern city is the concept of commuting many miles to work in vehicles that weigh thousands of pounds and are designed to carry many passengers rather than an individual.
More often than not the destination is an office building or a strip mall. In the case of the office worker, telepresence and telecommuting is an obvious and massively underutilized development. The internet is everywhere and is increasingly being used to stream cat videos, gaming, TV shows and other video. Why not use it for video and audio conferencing whenever we need to discuss work topics face-to-face, rather than driving many miles each day? We are wasting gas, wasting our time, wasting space for office buildings that are unoccupied 60-70% of the time.
The Tiny House Movement
Most people have heard of the "tiny house" by now. This brilliant idea is one of the shining examples of making sustainable living real. The question for many people, however, is, "where do I park my tiny house?".
The suggestion is often given to be an RV park, or a tiny "homestead" in a remote or unpopulated area. All of the typical answers to the question of where to park a tiny house generally miss the main points. First of all, the primary reason tiny houses have wheels is to get around outdated local laws. So they aren't really recreational vehicles or vehicles at all. As far as moving to an unpopulated area to get around outdated local laws that insist on large homes etc., this is avoiding the problems rather than solving them.
There are some tiny house community developments that are popping up. The main thing missing from these ideas is the concept of mixed land use which is key to scaling society in a predictable and tractable way.
Decentralization and Just Right Density
Urban centers maximize density which leads to over-centralization, causing ever-increasing problems in terms of transit, housing, public facilities, and even the availability of light which is a show-stopper for a solar-powered community.
Suburban areas minimize density, leading to ballooning problems with transit, as more and more commuters try to fit onto ever-increasingly crowded freeways, wasting more and more time and fossil fuel to get to and from work or just the grocery store. Home owners compete for the largest homes and the largest back yards, which means they are competing to waste as much space and energy as possible.
The "urban village" is probably the closest to this tiny village proposal in terms of practical sustainable scaling. In a way this takes the urban village concept a step further. One difference is the limitation to two stories.
Goals
Goals are to improve food security, land use, as well as energy and resource efficiency, reduce commute times, reduce injury and deaths from vehicle accidents, and overall increase quality of life.
Subdivision of Surburban Lots
The core idea is to subdivide each residential surburban lot into 9 lots. Given a typical lot size of 60'x60', that means each plot is 18'x18' with two 6' passages.
Subdivision Zoning
Mixed-use zoning helps implement the project goals. Each subdivision is required to contain the following zones:
- 4 residential (optionally with commercial in the same space)(R [C])
- 3 high-tech agricultural (co-op or commercial)
- 2 commercial
This zoning ensures that each subdivision has a minimum of agricultural space, commercial space, and also encourages people to run businesses out of their homes. Structure height is limited to a maximum of two stories.
Passive or Net-Zero Tiny Homes
Regulations for residential construction can specify passive/efficient requirements such as maximal insulation, airtight construction with HRV, cooling tubes or heat pump, solar, energy storage, greywater recyling, etc. Use of systems like Structural Insulated Panels may lower labor and energy costs.
Separate structures will reduce noise pollution and increase privacy when compared to attached units.
Localizing Food Production
Regulations can specify efficient agricultural methods such as advanced permaculture, aquaponics, aeroponics, hydroponics, and vertical farming.
Village Sections
Ideally several suburban plots together are each subdivided. For example, to start small, suppose six homes at one end of a street convert. What was originally just 6 large residences becomes 24 tiny homes(/businesses), 18 agricultural spaces, and 12 commercial spaces, for a total of 54 spaces. Land use is improved by 800%.
Road Safety
This part of the street is barricaded to prevent normal vehicle traffic from entering.
To improve safety and reduce noise pollution in village areas:
- combustion engines are prohibited
- maximum vehicle weight including passengers and cargo is 300 pounds
- maximum speed is 25 mph
- human powered transport like bicycles, recumbant trikes, and velomobiles are encouraged
Scaling Neighboorhoods/Towns
There will need to be a certain amount of open space, which can also partly serve for additional agriculture. So for say each 4 tiny villages/plots there could be a tiny park the size of one 60x60 plot.
Roads can be solar roadways and narrowed a bit since most vehicles are single-passenger. The sides of roads can provide more space for agriculture, such as nut trees or wheat.
Significant space should be dedicated to connect wildlife cooridors in each development.
Who will take these actions?
Primarily real estate developers
Where will these actions be taken?
Alternative to new suburban development; smart cities.
In addition, specify the country or countries where these actions will be taken.
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Country 2
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Country 3
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Country 4
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Country 5
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Impact/Benefits
What impact will these actions have on greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapting to climate change?
I feel that most of these estimates are not really scientific or valuable, because actual effects will depend critically on implementation details, deployment, and development and iteration on ideas.
What are other key benefits?
Costs/Challenges
What are the proposal’s projected costs?
Timeline
About the author(s)
Tiny Village concepts by Jason Livesay. Design, 3D modeling, animation and illustration by Jay Engstrom.
Please feel free to contribute or fork on github.
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