Eco Slums flexible toolkit by Kiri Team
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Finalist Evaluation
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Judges'' comments
The relevance of the topic is undeniable, and tackling this world-wide issue would have enormous impact beyond CO2 reduction, however, the proposal requires greater specificity. The author(s) are clear that this proposal is intended for high-level application, it does a good job of trying to synthesize information and propose flexible pathways to improve impacts of buildings. There is no one size fits all solution here, as the socio-cultural contexts would vary by region, and the authors seem to be aware of this. The addition of a case-study would have greatly strengthened the proposal, and demonstrated what a practical application would look like.
Semi-Finalist Evaluation
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Judges'' comments
Comments from Judge 1:
The proposal starts from a good descriptions of the slums problems related to the environment, the society and the communitys health. From the reading of the proposals, some doubts that could be interesting to detail come out: which year do the 336.970.000 MWh/year and the GHG emissions refer to? do the data in the estimated number of slums /shanty town population come from your calculations or other investigations? And the regional ones? Are you sure that the percentage of the population in the shantytowns will remain the same in the next 30 years? also the numbers of houses to rebuild or refurbish are not so clear: where do they come from? In general, this good idea is not so strongly supported: giving so important estimations is more complicated as it appears in the proposal. Please, be more clear about the origin of the data or the procedure to define them. Also the economical benefits can not be reduced to these simply considerations: it affects a deserving proposal. Finally, is advisable a better explication of who will take these actions and, are you sure that containers are really a good solutions in terms of sustainability and health?
Comments from Judge 2:
Slum rehabilitation is an important topic and deserves much attention. However, there are many socio-cultural aspects of energy services use within such neighborhoods that make it difficult to have blanket solutions across countries. The timeline suggested is also quite challenging to achieve these tasks well. The proposal would benefit from narrowing down its scope to a location that is well understood and where there is buy in to go ahead and make these useful changes.
Comments from Judge 3:
It is very virtuous to address the topic of poverty in housing, and the data on potential climate implications is important. I'm not sure the data captures the energy deficiencies; the savings seem to assume that all members of these communities now have and are using energy consuming equipment, albeit inefficiently. Example - do they have air conditioning now? But there is no proposal here - other than a process of talking to people and offering to educate them. I see no linkage between the scope and the renovation of slums. If the proposal is to improve energy benefits through education, that might be worthy of further review. If there is a funded slum redevelopment initiative in Argentina, and the proposal is to work with them as energy consultants, that would be worthy as well.
 Eduardo Fracassi Nov 2, 2017 11:51  | Proposal creator Dear Judges, thank so much you for your comments, they help us to improve the proposal, create new insights and to correct some typos / mistakes!!! Please read our answers below your questions: Comments from Judge 1:
Our apologies, thanks for pointing this out, as is stated in the “Projected energy savings by region table”, the calculated expected energy savings for 2020 amount to 338.005 MWh/year. This mistake has been corrected in our proposal.
2. do the data in the estimated number of slums /shanty town population come from your calculations or other investigations? 3. And the regional ones?
We have listed the data sources used in our slum estimations. We found some errors and corrected them. We had to project slum population by zones (US, UE, China, India, Other Developed, Developing) in order to estimate GHG emissions by zone. So, what we did is finding data of each zone and calculate the percentage of people living in slums in relation to total world population. UN, (June 2017). “World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100” Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/world-population-prospects-2017.html
3. Are you sure that the percentage of the population in the shantytowns will remain the same in the next 30 years?
The percentage of the population living in urban areas is rising, with 66 % projected by 2050. [11] On the other hand, efforts in reducing slums have decreased the proportion of people living in urban slums from 39 % in 2000 to 30 % of urban population in 2014, but absolute numbers continue to grow. [12]. Currently the proportion of people living in urban slums is about 25%. [1] Despite major advances, the world's slum population will likely double to 2 billion by 2050. [13], so the % would be 31% of world population. We can interpolate that for 2030 it would be 26,5% and for 2040 around 27,5 %. With this data we can recalculate the Projected Slum Population table above. So the population table is updated to this one:
4. also the numbers of houses to rebuild or refurbish are not so clear: where do they come from?
These numbers are from the project completed by the Buenos Aires City Government. We did an extensive search, given the available time, in order to get more hard data about slum revamping projects, but they tend to show little information.
5. In general, this good idea is not so strongly supported: giving so important estimations is more complicated as it appears in the proposal.
We have tried to add as many references as possible, given the available space on the Climate Colab platform, as many as 50 new references have been added to the proposal.
6. Please, be more clear about the origin of the data or the procedure to define them.
We found almost no publicly published hard data related to slum upgrading projects with the installation of renewable energy sources and / or energy efficiency measures such as a) number of people benefited by the project b) number of refurbished or rebuilt houses c) energy savings due to slum upgrading project. Therefore we used available data from the the Buenos Aires City government project as the best approximation for the proposal’s calculations. Finally, we added more than 30 Latam new success cases related to slum upgrading with renewable energy or energy efficiency applications in Brazil, Chile, Argentina and other countries. as well as 10 new references that support our calculations. Please see up to 45 references below
7. Also the economical benefits can not be reduced to these simply considerations: it affects a deserving proposal.
There are more benefits that might be obtained from using renewable energy and energy efficiency measures in a slum upgrading project. For example, the Buenos Aires government will start collecting taxes from people with refurbished or rebuilt houses, people will more productive because access and transportation improves, and most important, people may start to respect norms and laws, which is a big issue for slum upgrading projects.
8. Finally, is advisable a better explication of who will take these actions and, are you sure that containers are really a good solutions in terms of sustainability and health?
The use of containers is an option which was suggested by one of the comments made by one of the Climate Colab catalysts (facilitators). We are deleting the part of the proposal as it is not a central point in the proposal. As in the Buenos Aires city government project, we suggest using building materials that are safe and eco friendly, with no CO2 emissions do to the use of cement. Instead, other materials like recycled plastics might be used. The projects in which the Eco Slums flexible toolkit will most likely be implemented by local governments, as in the case of the Buenos Aires city government case, or by NGOs.
Comments from Judge 2: 1. Slum rehabilitation is an important topic and deserves much attention. However, there are many socio-cultural aspects of energy services use within such neighborhoods that make it difficult to have blanket solutions across countries.
Thank you so much for your comments! We have rewritten the “timeline” so that it is better understood. It is true that social cultural aspects are different from place to place, with that in mind we just propose a flexible toolkit of best practices from which each government or NGO can choose to help make slum upgrading more ecological, and saving some extra energy and / or money in the process. We are not talking about a “blanket solution” at all, on the contrary, we are proposing a flexible toolkit that might be used for slum upgrading.
Here is the Eco Slums flexible toolkit:
2. The timeline suggested is also quite challenging to achieve these tasks well.
The project time line 154 week = 38,5 months = 3,2 years comes from a real project by the Buenos Aires city government for a slum with 40.000 people living in it. Worldwide implementation of these projects may follow a Bass - diffusion model [14], typically a project like this could easily take 20 - 30 years, with the following timeline.
3. The proposal would benefit from narrowing down its scope to a location that is well understood and where there is buy in to go ahead and make these useful changes.
We have narrowed our search and scope for Latam countries, who share a similar culture and similar climate.
However, the Eco Slums flexible toolkit is an appropriate handbook to check by government and NGOs all over the well in order to choose which energy saving and renewable energy best practices might be used in a particular eco slum upgrading project. So we are not talking about a “blanket solution”, on the contrary, we are proposing a flexible toolkit that might be used for slum upgrading.
Comments from Judge 3:
1. It is very virtuous to address the topic of poverty in housing, and the data on potential climate implications is important. I'm not sure the data captures the energy deficiencies; the savings seem to assume that all members of these communities now have and are using energy consuming equipment, albeit inefficiently. Example - do they have air conditioning now?
In Brazil and Argentina, the government pays the slum electricity bills. So electricity is free for typical slum dwellers. Therefore they buy and use air conditioner equipment.
Part of the energy and money savings from the proposal come from the fact that slum dwellers receive new or improved houses, but in exchange they gradually start to pay taxes and their utility bills. [15]
We did not have access to slum energy use, therefore we used data provided from the Buenos Aires city government.
2. But there is no proposal here - other than a process of talking to people and offering to educate them.
Our proposal is to implement slum upgrading projects using the renewable energy and energy saving "Eco Slums flexible toolkit" that we propose (please see response to Judge 2). So we are talking about real projects, like the project just finished by the Buenos Aires City government improving the housing of more than 40.000 people. At the same time slum people start paying part of their electricity bills and taxes.
3. I see no linkage between the scope and the renovation of slums. If the proposal is to improve energy benefits through education, that might be worthy of further review. If there is a funded slum redevelopment initiative in Argentina, and the proposal is to work with them as energy consultants, that would be worthy as well.
Education is only part of the required change management required by the slum upgrading projects. Again, we are proposing using the Eco Slums flexible toolkit by NGOs and government officials who are implementing slum upgrading projects all over the world. using the knowledge learnt in the project done by the Buenos Aires city government and other Latam success stories.
REFERENCE LIST: [1] World Economic Forum, (2017), “These are the world's five biggest slums”, retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/these-are-the-worlds-five-biggest-slums/
[3] Worldometers. (2017) "World Population by Year." retrieved from:http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-by-year
[1] World Economic Forum, (2017), “These are the world's five biggest slums”, retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/these-are-the-worlds-five-biggest-slums/ [2] The World Bank, (2017), "Urban population (% of total). Retrieved from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS [3] Worldometers. (2017) "World Population by Year." retrieved from:http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/world-population-by-year [4] The Atlantic, (2015)”The Resurrection of America's Slums”. Retrieved from: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/08/more-americans-are-living-in-slums/400832/
[5] DW (2014), “Inside Europe’s slums” retrieved from: http://www.dw.com/en/inside-europes-slums/a-18011677
[6] Index mundi, (2007). “Slum population, China, Economy,” Retrieved in 2017 from: http://www.indexmundi.com/china/slum-population.html
[7] Times of India, (2013) “India's slum population will rise to 104 million”. Retrieved from: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/By-2017-Indias-slum-population-will-rise-to-104-million/articleshow/21927474.cms
[8] Source: Abhi Sharma, 2001, "Slums of the World: The Face of Urban Poverty in the New Millennium?" retrieved from https://archive.org/details/SlumsOfTheWorldTheFaceOfUrbanPovertyInTheNewMillennium [9] UN-HABITAT (2010). State of the World’s Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide,Earthscan, London [10] UN, (June 2017). “World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100” Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/world-population-prospects-2017.html [11] UN, Department of Economic & Social Affairs, (2014), “Urban and Rural populations, File 2: Percentage of Population at Mid-Year Residing in Urban Areas by Major Area, Region and Country, 1950-2050” Retrieved from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/ [12] UN HABITAT, (2017). “Slum Almanac 2015-2016” Retrieved from: https://unhabitat.org/slum-almanac-2015-2016/ [13] CITYLAB (2014). “The Amazing Endurance of Slums” Retrieved from https://www.citylab.com/life/2014/01/amazing-endurance-slums/8120/ [14] Frank M. Bass, Management Science Vol. 50, No. 12, Ten Most Influential Titles of "Management Science's" First Fifty Years (Dec., 2004), pp. 1833-1840 Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30046154?origin=JSTOR-pdf [15] The World Bank. (2017) From slums to neighborhoods: How energy efficiency can transform the lives of the urban poor Retrieved from:
LATAM SUCCESS CASES:
Solar Photovolaic
[16] Ambiente Energía (2017) “Energia Solar abastecerá casas do Minha Casa, Minha Vida” Retrieved from: [17] BN AMERICAS (2013) “Brasil Solair in 2.1MW solar approval” Retrieved from: https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/electricpower/brasil-solair-in-21mw-solar-approval
[18] La Tercera (2017) “Implementan primera villa sustentable del país en la región del Maule” Retrieved from: http://www.latercera.com/noticia/implementan-primera-villa-sustentable-del-pais-la-region-del-maule/
[19] Argentine Government (2017) “Proyecto de Energías Renovables en Mercados Rurales”.Retrieved from: https://permer.se.gob.ar/contenidos/verpagina.php?idpagina=3403 [20] Opción Renovable (2016) “Bombeo solar, la solución más eficiente” Retrieved from: http://www.opcionrenovable.com/bombeo-solar-la-solucion-mas-eficiente/
Solar Thermal water heater
[21] INTI (2012) “El proyecto “Energía solar en la vivienda social” avanzó otro casillero” Retrieved from: https://www.inti.gob.ar/e-renova/erSO/er28.php [22] Energía LImpia XXI (2016) “Argentina: Barrio bioclimático y energía solar ” Retrieved from: energialimpiaparatodos.com/2016/01/15/12076/ [23] Presidencia de la Nación (2016) “Mujeres de Ellas Hacen fabrican termotanques solares en Chaco” Retrieved from: http://www.desarrollosocial.gob.ar/noticias/termotanques-solares-chaco/
[24]Clarin (2016) “La cocina solar se consolida en el norte del país” Retrieved from https://www.clarin.com/diseno/cocina-solar_0_rJmg4nOPme.html [25] Solar Inti (2017) Facebook fan page Retrieved from: [26] Fundacion Ecoandina Soluciiones Sustentables (2017) Facebook fan page Retrieved from: facebook.com/ecoandinaok/ [27] ASADES (2013) “EXPERIENCIA DE FABRICACIÓN DE COCINAS SOLARES POR UNA COOPERATIVA DE TRABAJO EN SALTA.” Retrieved from:
[28] BarilocheOpina.com (2017) “Presentan prueba piloto de geotermia para climatizar viviendas” Retrieved from: http://www.barilocheopina.com/noticias/2017/08/04/31692-presentan-prueba-piloto-de-geotermia-para-climatizar-viviendas Thermal insulation [29] Espacio Sustentable (2017) “Sustentabilizar Hogares” Retrieved from: http://espaciosustentable.com/sustentabilizar-hogares/ http://fovisee.wa1.toservers.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=382&Itemid=305 [30] Gernot Minke (2017) “Construcción de Cúpula y Boveda con Arquitecto Gernot Minke” Retrieved from: https://www.facebook.com/events/330912264012387/
[31] Wikipedia (2017)”Earthship” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthship
[32] Plataforma Arquitectura (2014) “'Un Litro de Luz': iluminación autosostenible con botellas recicladas” Retrieved from:
[33] Clarin Buena vida “Un litro de luz” Retrieved from: https://www.clarin.com/buena-vida/tendencias/litro-Luz_0_HJQGL0jsPXg.html
Solar room heater [34] Noticias Red Pacto Global Chile (2013) “Desarrollan en Chile calefacción central para viviendas sociales” Retrieved from: http://www.pactoglobal.cl/2013/desarrollan-en-chile-calefaccion-central-para-viviendas-sociales/
[35] The conversation. (2016 ) Could bio-toilets solve India’s sanitation problems and save the Yamuna river?” Retrieved from: http://theconversation.com/could-bio-toilets-solve-indias-sanitation-problems-and-save-the-yamuna-river-67727 [36] Sanitation India waterportal (2016) “TWO MUMBAI SLUMS GET BIO-DIGESTER PUBLIC TOILETS” Retrieved from: http://sanitation.indiawaterportal.org/english/node/4909 [37] J. Martí Herrero. 2008. “Biodigestores familiares: Guía de diseño y manual de instalación.” GTZ-Energía. Bolivia. Retrieved from: http://www.probiomasa.gob.ar/_pdf/2008_JMH_Guia_biodigestores.pdf [38] HomeBiogas Argentina (2017) “Facebook fan page” Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/homebiogas.argentina/
[39] “Avanzan las obras de acceso al agua en El Paraíso (Misiones)” Retrieved from: [40] Movimiento Agua y Juventud Argentina. (2017) “Yacu Hurmana: la nueva comunidad a la que llegará el agua segura”. Retrieved: http://www.aguayjuventud.org.ar/index.php/2013/06/25/yacu-hurmana-la-nueva-comunidad-a-la-que-llegara-el-agua-segura/ Wood burning stoves [41]Ingenieria sin fronteras (2017) ”Agua caliente en escuela agrícola en Santiago del Estero” Retrieved from: http://isf-argentina.org/project/sistema-de-calentamiento/ [42] Ramirez, G. INTI (2009) “Estufas de masa térmica y eficiencia energética Por Gustavo Ramírez* Retrieved from: https://www.inti.gob.ar/sabercomo/sc78/inti6.php [43] Gobierno de Santa Fe (2017) “Manual de construcción de la estufa Rocket” Retrieved from
Water Heat pumps [44] ENERGY.GOV (2017) “AIR TO WATERHEAT PUMP SYSTEMS” Retrieved from: https://energy.gov/energysaver/heat-pump-water-heaters [45] DAIKIN GLOBAL (2017) “AIR TO WATER HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS” Retrieved from: http://www.daikin.com/products/ac/lineup/heat_pump/index.html
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Eduardo Fracassi Nov 2, 2017 11:06 | Proposal creator Judge 1: Our apologies,one typo: Projected world energy savings for 2020 are 16.900.264 MWh/year because we estimate that only 5% of the projects might be implemented by 2020, following the suggested Bass Diffusion model. Sorry for the typo, Eduardo
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