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OIL / WATER & ADAPTATION! by Johnnie Buttram

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Utilizing the KEYSTONE PIPELINE and abandoned railroad corridors to replenish our reservoirs and help reduce the impact of drought!


Description

Summary

 

     . . . This proposal has no political or hidden agendas . . .

 

According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO),

drought kills and displaces more people than cyclones, floods, and

earthquakes . . making it the world's most destructive natural

hazard.

 

New information from credible climate scientists stating, "No rain

for decades: Stand by for the 'megadroughts', scientists warn".

(Reference - 1)

 

Simply put; The planetary circumstances surrounding heat,

drought, and massive migration shares the capacity to create

human suffering and chaos never before seen on Planet Earth.

 

How can we get everyone to understand that when innovation and

preservation continually draw lines in the sand, this creates the

impasse and chronic inaction that affords no solution or escape for

the millions of people on Planet Earth who will die as a result?

 

The sole purpose of this proposal is;  How do we address the

political, economical, and humanitarian impact of local and regional

drought within the borders of AMERICA?    


What actions do you propose?

 

To help put this proposal in perspective . . please read this simple

overview of how 'Thermodynamics' has influenced the history of

our world and how it will greatly influence the events we will face

tomorrow.

 

'Thermodynamics' in its most simple form occurs when heated air

rises up and spreads north and south towards the poles, where it

gradually cools and sinks down in the polar regions. Then it flows

across the surface of Planet Earth to the equator, where it heats

up again and the convective cycle is repeated.

 

Simply put . . HEAT is attracted to the COLD of the North and

South Poles!

__________________________________________________________

Due to unique geographical circumstances - the residual fall-out of

drought, migration, and chaos in South, Central, and North America

is headed north!

As of this writing, most of South America is showing ongoing

rainfall deficits. The water taps in Sao Paulo, Brazil, which contains

approximately 27 million residents is essentially out of water.

 

Headlines in Central America record that more than 500,000

families in Nicaraqua, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala have

nothing to eat due to a record drought.

Mexico is withering under the worst drought in 71 years.

 

In America . . seven states California, Nevada, New Mexico,

Kansas, Arizona, Oklahoma, and Texas are rapidly running out of

water.

__________________________________________________________

According to Ecotech Water, LLC, one percent of the Earth's water

is suitable for drinking.

The national daily average per individual is 123 gallons of water

per day.

 

A person must consume 2 1/2 quarts from all sources, water, food,

etc. to maintain health. So that we can more easily understand the

numbers involved, we will increase this 2 1/2 quart number to

(one) gallon per person per day as being essential to maintain

health in the case of extreme drought.

 

The significant challenge America as well as every country on

Planet Earth needs to address is; If drought becomes entrenched,

what are the options available to help replenish local, regional,

and national reservoirs to supply essential water needs to the

masses at sustainable levels?

__________________________________________________________


America has an option that requires serious consideration.

__________________________________________________________

The 2,150 mile Keystone Pipeline System and a proposed

Keystone XL, 36 inch diameter expansion, once completed would

have the capacity to deliver 830,000 (42 gallon) barrels of crude oil

per day to refineries in Port Authur, Texas.

 

Since Keystone XL crosses the US - Canada border, the state

Department has to approve it first.

 

As of this writing, Congress has approved the Keystone XL

expansion and President Obama has exercised his option to veto.

__________________________________________________________ 


In a world where true international friendships are becoming few

and far between - America and Canada are committed to rise above

themselves for the betterment and inspiration of those within their

responsibility.

America and Canada have an unique opportunity to politically,

economically, and geographically strengthen their shared border

with a hybrid process.

(1) This hybrid process . . utilizes the oil delivery right-of-ways and

infrastructure of the Keystone XL Pipeline.

(2) This hybrid process also . . utilizes thousands of miles of

abandoned railroad corridors in America.

(3) This hybrid process . . combines these infrastructures and

abandoned infrastructures with polyethylene conduits strategically

installed below or on top of the land surface of the existing right-

of-ways to transport a water delivery system to replenish our

reservoirs and reduce the impact of drought. (Reference - 2)  

__________________________________________________________


Based on research obtained from the internet . .

Professional engineering firms suggest the right-of-way width for a

30 inch to 36 inch pipe diameter pipeline should be somewhere around 110 (feet).

According to calculations . . if the velocity of oil traveling in the

Keystone XL 36 inch diameter pipeline is 5.1 miles per hour, this

should deliver approximately 830,000 (42 gallon) barrels of crude

oil per day to refineries in Port Authur, Texas.

__________________________________________________________

Canada has 7% of the world's renewable freshwater.


If America has the opportunity to purchase water from Canada at a

fair price and utilize the Keystone Pipeline and the abandoned

railroad corridors to lay polyethylene conduits, we may be able to

help replenish our water reservoirs and help reduce the impact of

drought.

Fortunately, the Keystone Pipeline runs through Kansas,

Oklahoma, and Texas - THREE OF THE SEVEN STATES MOST

IMPACTED BY DROUGHT.

 

Under extreme drought conditions, a person will require one

gallon of water per day.

 

A 72 inch polyethylene conduit will flow 500,000 tons or 120,000,000

million gallons of water per day.

 

A hybrid process (A) (B) (C) utilizing a shared right-of way has the

combined capabilities to . .

 

(A) Transport - 830,000 (thousand) barrels of crude oil per day to

refineries in Port Arthur, Texas using a 36 inch diameter steel

pipeline.

 

(B) Transport - 120 million gallons of water per day to help

replenish our water reservoirs using (one) 72 inch polyethylene

conduit.

 

(C) Transport - 120 million gallons of water per day to help

replenish our water reservoirs using (one) 72 inch polyethylene

conduit.

 

Everyday that conduits (B) and (C) are in operation will help

America replenish our water reservoirs with 240 million gallons of

water.

 

Under extreme drought conditions, this will help supply the

essential life saving needs to . . 240 million people for one day.

 

(Please note: Conduits (B) and (C) are variables where smaller or

larger diameter conduits may be used contingent upon the

situation.)


Who will take these actions?

 

The governments of Canada and America.

 

Hopefully, if the merits of this cooperative process proves to be

successful, these actions could serve as an example to be

duplicated to strengthen the bonds of coexistence between states

and countries to help reduce the suffering of drought and climate

change.

 


Where will these actions be taken?

 

The Keystone Pipeline runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary

Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to tank

farms and the oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing,

Oklahoma.

 

The proposed Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase IV) would essentially

duplicate the Phase 1 pipeline between Hardisty, Alberta, and

Steele City, Nebraska, with a shorter route and 36 inch diameter

pipe that would run through Baker, Montana to Steele City,

Nebraska.


What are other key benefits?

 

If this hybrid process becomes a reality, the monitoring and overview

of the infrastructure will overlap to make the total project a safer

operation.


What are the proposal’s costs?

OIL:

The original Keystone Pipeline cost USD $5.2 billion with the

Keystone XL expansion slated to cost approximately USD $7

billion.

 

The Keystone XL phase was expected to be completed by 2012 -

2013.

 

However, construction has been overtaken by events that has

generated controversy because of its routing over the top of the

Ogallala  Aquifer in Nebraska.

_________________________________________________________

 

WATER:

The estimated cost of (one) 72 inch diameter polyethylene conduit

is $320 USD per lineal foot.

 

1/4 mile ='s $422,400 . . 1/2 mile ='s $844,800 . . 1 mile ='s $1,689,600

 

This cost does not factor in the cost and variables of freight and

labor associated with the application - which will fluctuate from

location to location.


Time line

 

The time line is contingent upon - whether we can set aside the

frivolity that drives us apart . . and act before the impacts of drought -

food - and water becomes irreversibly entrenched.


Related proposals

 

The challenge America and many other countries on Planet Earth

should seriously consider . . is . . if drought becomes entrenched,

how can we replenish our local, regional, and national reservoirs

to supply the essential water needs to our families at sustainable

levels. 

 

Because of an unique set of circumstances . . this proposal titled,

"Oil / Water and Adaptation" is one option AMERICA should

seriously consider.

 

_________________________________________________________

 

AFRICA is experiencing devastating drought that requires a

perspective based on a completely different set of circumstances.

(Reference - 3)

                              *                    *                  *

Although Africa and America are on separate continents . . both

continents share the common denominator . . 'Thermodynamics'.

 

'Thermodynamics' will continue to trek north and greatly influence

the residual fall-out of drought, migration, and chaos! 


References

 

(Reference - 1)

No rain for decades- Stand by for the ‘megadroughts’, scientists warn

 

(Reference - 2)

                           Uponor North America


(Reference - 3)

                              Saving Africa.org